To be vindictive or spiteful takes a certain amount of planning, a sequencing of events in your mind that you then carry out. Dogs simply do not have that ability. They pretty much act in the moment. It’s all about impulse.
To continue reading this article or issue you must be a paid subscriber. Sign in
Subscribe to Tufts Your Dog
Get the next year of Tufts Your Dog for just $20. And access all of our online content - over 1,000 articles - free of charge.
Subscribe today and save 44%. It's like getting 5 months FREE!
